Function
1 Pin changes: in the AREF pin side add two I2C pin (SDA and SCL, only Analog 4 and 5 copy, and not the additional I2C interface), in addition, in the RESET next to add two pins, one is IOREF, which can make the expansion board to adapt to the onboard voltage, this pin just told expansion board what is current the onboard voltage (such as UNO is 5V, can be viewed as the power supply pin copy, do not provide the level of pull-up), another is later inactive occupying pin.
2 more stable RESET circuit. The RESET key position has changed, was moved to near the USB interface board corner, more convenient to.
3 ATmega16U2 instead of 8U2, this does not mean that the faster 16K flash R3 can make your code run, this update is USB interface chip services, in theory it makes UNO simulation USB HID, such as MIDI/Joystick/Keyboard